Civics and Social Studies Standards
Suggested Reading
- Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018).
- Foner, Eric. The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2019).
- Gordon, Sarah Barringer. The Mormon Question: Polygamy and Constitutional Conflict in Nineteenth Century America (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002).
- Jones, Martha S. Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All (New York: Basic Books, 2020).
- New-York Historical Society. Chinese American: Exclusion/Inclusion (New York: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014).
- Strong, John A. The Montaukett Indians of Eastern Long Island (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2001).
Source Notes
The materials provided in this curriculum for Our Composite Nation draw extensively from unpublished research conducted by the exhibition team. In addition, the following sources were consulted for individual resource descriptions and life stories:
- Life Story: Frederick Douglass
Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018).
- Reconstruction Amendments
Foner, Eric. The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2019).
- “Composite Nation”
Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018).
- Speaking Tour Map and Advertisement
Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018).
- Life Story: Frances Ellen Watkins Harper
“Frances Ellen Watkins Harper,” Poetry.org, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/frances-ellen-watkins-harper; Jones, Martha S. Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All (New York: Basic Books, 2020).; Lemay, Kate Clarke, and Martha S. Jones, “The hidden story of two African-American women looking out from the pages of a 19th-century book,” theconversation.com, September 9, 2019, https://theconversation.com/the-hidden-story-of-two-african-american-women-looking-out-from-the-pages-of-a-19th-century-book-118243; Bacon, Margaret Hope, “’One Great Bundle of Humanity’: Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825–1911)," The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. 113 (1), 1989.
- Life Story: Wong Kim Ark
Ho, James C. “Defining ‘American’: Birthright Citizenship and the Original Understanding of the 14th Amendment,” The Green Bag: An Entertaining Journal of Law, Summer 2006.; Lee, Erika. “Birthright Citizenship, Immigration and the U.S. Constitution: The Story of United States v. Wong Kim Ark,” Race Law Stories, edited by Rachel F. Moran and Devon Wayne Carbado (New York: Thomson Reuters/Foundation Press, 2008).; "Findings and Decree" denying Wong Yoke Fun's application for admission to the United States. December 27, 1910. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, San Bruno, California.; Last page of the transcript of Wong Yook Thue's immigration hearing, showing that he is being admitted to the United States. March 20, 1925. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, San Bruno, California.; Last page of the transcript of Wong Yook Jim's immigration hearing, showing that he is being admitted to the United States. July 23, 1926. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, San Bruno, California.; First page of testimony given by Wong Kim Ark at an immigration hearing for his third son, Wong Yook Thue, on March 20, 1925. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, San Bruno, California.; Siegel, Robert, and Sandra Wong. “He Famously Fought for His US Citizenship. Where are his descendants now?” All Things Considered, October 2, 2015, https://www.npr.org/2015/10/02/445346769/he-famously-fought-for-his-u-s-citizenship-where-are-his-descendants-now.
- Dual Identities
New-York Historical Society Education Division. Nueva York, 1613–1945 Classroom Materials (New York: New-York Historical Society, 2010).
- Enduring Exclusion
New-York Historical Society. Chinese American: Exclusion/Inclusion (New York: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014).
- Life Story: David Pharoah
Strong, John A. The Montaukett Indians of Eastern Long Island (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2001).; Strong, John A. The Unkechaug Indians of Long Island: A History (Norman, OK:University of Oklahoma Press, 2011).; “The Wrongs of the Long Island Indians,” Brooklyn Eagle, November 27, 1871, pg 8. Long Island Indigenous.com, http://longislandindigenous.com/HTML/wrongs_of_long_island_indians.html; “The Montauk Tribe of Indians,” Brooklyn Eagle, March 22, 1871, pg 2. Long Island Indigenous.com, http://longislandindigenous.com/HTML/file_for_incorporation.html; “The Montauk Indians,” Brooklyn Eagle, January 31, 1871, pg 8. Long Island Indigenous.com, http://longislandindigenous.com/HTML/incorporation_opposed.html, “King of the Montauk Indians,” Brooklyn Eagle, July 23, 1870, pg 2. Long Island Indigenous.com, http://longislandindigenous.com/HTML/david_pharaoh_is_king.html.
- Religious Liberty Tested
Gordon, Sarah Barringer. The Mormon Question: Polygamy and Constitutional Conflict in Nineteenth Century America (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002).
- Life Story: Joseph Douglass
Reed, Christopher Robert. “The Black Presence at ‘White City’:African and African American Participation at the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, May 1, 1893–October 31, 1893,” http://columbus.iit.edu/reed2.html; “Violinist Joseph Douglass Born,” African American Registry, https://aaregistry.org/story/violinist-joseph-douglass-born/; “The Hills of Anacostia are Alive. . . with the Sound of Music,” Anacostia Community Documentation Initiative, https://cdi.anacostia.si.edu/2019/02/28/the-hills-of-anacostia-are-alivewith-the-sound-of-music/; Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018).
- Plessy v. Ferguson
“Plessy v. Ferguson,” Oyez.org, https://www.oyez.org/cases/1850-1900/163us537, accessed 12/6/2021.
- “Lessons of the Hour”
Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018).
